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Notes Chapter IV
Free but Poor (1863-1915)
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Official proclamation abolishing
slavery, reproduced in
Römer-Kenepa (1988), p. 31.
De Pool, p. 9.
Sources for this section: Hartog (1968: Chapters 7 & 9), R. Römer
(1987; 1979), Rosalia, van Soest (1978: Chapter 5).
For an overview of emancipation on the other Caribbean islands see
Williams, Chapter 17.
Hartog (1968), pp. 184-5.
See Lamur.
Hartog (1968), p, 177. For a comprehensive listing of manumissions
in the years 1722-1863 see T. van der Lee, Curaçaose vrijbrieven:
1722-1863, met indices op namen van vrijgelatenen en hun voormalige
eigenaren (The Hague, The Netherlands: Algemeen Rijksarcief, 1998).
Lampe, p. 115.
Major sources for this section: Emmanuel &. Emmanuel (Chapter 17),
Gomes Casseres (1990), Hartog (1962), van Soest (1978: Chapter 5).
For more information about the schism, see Emmanuel & Emmanuel
(Chapters 17-19).
Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 365.
Prunetti Winkel, p. 8.
Major sources for this section: Hartog (1962; 1968: Chapter 9),
Prunetti Winkel (Chapters 2 & 3), Römer-Kenepa (1988).
For a full account of the history of the Queen Emma Bridge, see
Römer-Kenepa (1988).
Major sources for this section: Dekker (Chapter 2), Gomes Casseres
(1976; 1984; 1990), Hartog (1962; 1968: Chapter 9), Prunetti Winkel
(Chapters 6 & 8), R. Römer (1979; 1987), Rosalia, van Soest (1977,
1978; Chapters 5 & 7).
For a detailed analysis of the reasons the surcharge was imposed,
and its effect on Curaçao, see Emmanuel & Emmanuel, pp. 413-16.
De Pool, p. 321.
Gomes Casseres (1984), p. 19.
Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 415.
Van Soest (1978), p. 179.
See Gomes Casseres (1976), p. 18, and R. Römer (1987), pp. 37-8.
R. Römer (1987), pp. 37-8.
Gomes Casseres (1976), p. 20.
Ibid.
For analysis of this migration, see José Báez Pérez, La presencia
Holandesa en Cuba. Historia de los immigrantes de Curazao, Aruba y
Bonaire (Curaçao: University of the Netherlands Antilles, no date),
and A.F. Paula, Problemen rondom de emigratie van arbeiders uit de
kolonie Curaçao naar Cuba, 1917-1937 (Curaçao: Historical Archives,
1973). For a discussion of the female emigrants, see Rose Mary
Allen, Curaçao Women's Role in the Migration to Cuba, in Richenel
Ansano, et al, eds., Mundu Yama Sinta Mira: Womanhood in Curaçao
(Curaçao: Fundashon Publikashon, 1992).
Van Soest (1976), p. 51.
Both are quoted in Gomes Casseres (1991b), p. 29.
Major sources for this section: Hartog (1968: Chapter 9), Prunetti
Winkel (Chapter 11), van Soest (1978: Chapter 7).
Van Soest (1978), p. 190,
Hartog (1968), p. 275.
Ibid, p. 276.
Dates in this section from Hartog (1968), unless otherwise noted.
Hartog (1968), p. 265.
Information about tienda di bentana, slhèr, seter and sam is from
the research of R. Ansano, as yet unpublished taped interviews with
older Afro-Curaçaoans about the informal trade networks among the
popular classes in the early twentieth century.
Hartog (1968), p. 276.
Sources: de Pool, Hartog (1971), Römer-Kenepa (1988).
De Pool, pp. 189-90. |
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