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Major sources for this chapter: do Rego,
Emmanuel & Emmanuel, Gomes Casseres (1976), Hartog (1962; 1968), van
Soest (1978), Webster.
Observation of an eighteenth century merchant, quoted in Aizpurua,
p. 366.
Webster, p. 161.
See Haviser (1987; 1991).
Hartog (1968), p. 5.
Ibid, p. 30.
Goslinga (1985), p. 223.
See Aizpurua, p. 263.
Aizpurua, p. 260.
De Pool, p. 324.
Smith, p. 539.
Sources for this section: Hartog (1968), Emmanuel & Emmanuel
(Chapters 3, 10).
Hartog (1968), p. 102.
Quoted in Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 72.
Aizpurua, p. 260.
Hartog, p. 103.
Quoted in Emmanuel & Emmanuel, pp. 71-2.
Hartog (1968), p. 279.
Ibid, p. 5.
For a detailed account of his petition and the response of the
Crown, see Felice Cardot, pp. 14-25. For a full analysis of the role
Ampiés played in Venezuela and Curaçao, using extensive primary
sources, see Demetrio Ramos, La fundación de Venezuela: Ampiés y
Coro, una singularidad historica. (Coro, Venezuela: 1977).
Hartog (1968), p. 29.
Ibid, p. 278.
See Goslinga (1992), p. 45.
Cunill Grau, p. 59.
Ibid, p. 64. For analysis of how one group of runaway Curaçaoan
slaves became embroiled in local political disputes in the cacao
growing region east of Caracas, see Robert J. Ferry, The Colonial
Elite of Early Caracas: Formation & Crisis, 1567-1767 (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1989), Chapter 4, especially pp.
110-120.
See Goslinga (1992), p. 16.
For inforrnation about the life of Curaçaoan runaway slaves in
Venezuela, see Lucas Guillermo Castillo Lara, Apuntes para la
historia colonial de Barlovento (Caracas: Bibilioteca de la Academia
Nacional de la Historia, Fuentes para la Historia Colonial de
Venezuela #151, 1981), especially Chapters 12, 16, 24 & 28. Carlos
Gonzalez Batista, Documentos para la historica de las Antillas
Neerlandesas, (Coro, Venezuela: Centro de Investigaciones Históricas
UNEFM, 1997) also has summaries, extracts and sometimes complete
reproductions of relevant original documents that can be found in
the historical archives of Coro, many of which relate to the
population of Curaçaoan blacks.
Cunill Grau, p. 58.
Ibid, p. 62.
For early historical references to these merchants, see Aizpurua, p.
267.
Quoted in Emmanuel & Emmanuel, pp. 71-3.
Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 289.
Major sources for this section: Emmanuel & Emmanuel and Gomes
Casseres (1990).
For general information about Amsterdam's Sephardic Jewish community
in its early years, see Miriam Bodian, Hebrews of the Portuguese
Nation: Conversos and Community in Early Modern Amsterdam
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997).
Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 68.
Ibid, p. 70.
Ibid, p. 215.
For a full description of the Jewish community in Coro, see Goslinga
(1992), pp. 45-54.
Additional sources for this section: Curtin, Eltis, Eltis & Walvin
eds., Engerman & Higman, Goslinga (1985, especially Chapter 5),
Harris, Inikori, Klein, Lamur, Malowist, Maritime Museum Curaçao,
Palmer, Postma, R. Römer (1987), Wolf, Wondji.
Goslinga (1985), p. 188.
Wolf, pp. 195-6.
Palmer, p. 16.
Ibid, p. 17.
Dunn, p. 119.
Wondji, p. 390.
Malowist, p. 11,
Curtin (1969), p. 84.
Hartog (1968), p. 167.
Wolf, p. 197,
Palmer, p. 18.
Ibid, p. 17.
Postma, referenced in Goslinga (1985), p. 160.
Do Rego, p. 6.
Maritime Museum Curaçao exhibit.
Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 77.
The former figure is from an exhibit at the Maritime Museum Curaçao;
the latter from Goslinga (1985), p.70.
Weber, p. 45.
Hartog (1979).
For original documents related to the delivery of slaves from
Curaçao to Venezuela, see Ermila Troconis de Veracoechea, Documentos
para el estudio de los esclavos negros en Venezuela (Caracas:
Bibilioteca de la Academia Nacional de la Historia, Fuentes para la
Historia Colonial de Venezuela #103, 1969).
Weber, p. 45.
Wolf, p. 197.
Goslinga (1985), p. 68.
Ibid, p. 187.
Ibid, p. 570.
Hartog (1968), p. 169.
Weber, p. 48.
See Goslinga (1992), p. 41.
De Pool, p. 324.
Major sources for this section: Aizpurua, Arauz Monfante, Cunill
Grau, do Rego (Chapters 1 & 2), Emmanuel & Emmanuel, Goslinga (1992;
1985: especially Chapters 1 & 3), Hartog (Chapter 6). Although
Venezuelan historians such as Aizpurua and Arauz Monfante have done
excellent archival research into the history of these trade ties,
much remains to be done. Carlos Gonzalez Batista, in his Documentos
para la Historia de las Antillas Neerlandesas, Fondo Registro
Principal I (Coro, Venezuela: Centro de Investigaciones Históricas
Pedro Manuel Arcaya, Decanato de Investigaciones Dirección de
Cultura, UNEFM, 1997) has bravely begun to systematize some of the
many documents related to trade with Curaçao that exist in the
historical archives of Coro; he includes a half dozen sobering
photographs showing the precarious state of disorganization in which
some of these valuable documents exist.
Webster, p. 161.
Ibid, p. 158.
Quoted in Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 73.
Hartog (1968), p. 102.
Dunn, p. 56.
Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 223.
See Emmanuel & Emmanuel (pp. 215-16) and Goslinga (1992: p. 16 and
1985: p. 202).
See Aizpurua, p. 267.
Aizpurua, p. 291.
For analysis of the role of these cacao plantations in the
development of colonial Venezuela, see Robert J. Ferry, The Colonial
Elite of Early Caracas: Formation and Early Crisis 1567-1767
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).
Aizpurua, p. 323.
Hartog (1968), p. 224.
Arauz Monfante, p. 71
For a detailed analysis of the Company, see Aizpurua and Goslinga
(1992).
Maritime Museum Curaçao exhibit.
Sources: Goslinga (1985, pp. 177-184) and Arauz Monfante (pp.
155-8).
Goslinga, p. 180. |
