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Major sources for this chapter:
Aizpurua, Arauz Monfante, De Haseth, Emmanuel & Emmanuel, Gomes
Casseres (1976; 1990), Goslinga (1992; 1985), Hartog (1962; 1998),
Henriquez, Maritime Museum Curaçao, Römer-Kenepa (1994; 1988), van
Soest (1977; 1978).
Gregorio de Robles, early eighteenth century Spanish traveler,
quoted in Arauz Monfante, p. 42.
Hartog (1968), p. 5.
Aizpurua, p. 265.
Hartog (1968), p. 256.
Arauz Monfante, p. 43.
Van Soest (1978), p. 179.
Gomes Casseres (1984), pp. 19-20.
See A. Römer, especially pp. 28-9; 30-3 and 51-2.
Van Soest (1978), p. 237.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid, p. 302.
Additional sources for this section: Prunetti Winkel (Chapter 13),
Römer-Kenepa (1994).
Prunetti Winkel, p. 97.
Ibid, p. 100.
See Emmanuel & Emmanuel, pp. 80-83.
Arauz Monfante, p. 44.
1721 letter quoted in Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 83.
Sources: Gomes Casseres (1990), Hartog, (1968), Henriquez, van der
Hoeven, van Soest (1978).
Gomes Casseres (1976), p. 10.
Henriquez (1985b), p. 34.
Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 258.
Gomes Casseres (1976), p. 10.
Cited in Emmanuel & Emmanuel, p. 71.
For more information, see especially J.A. Schiltkamp & J.T. de
Smidt, eds., West Indies Plakaatboek (Amsterdam; S. Emmering, 1978),
a collection of early laws related to Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire,
including regulations governing slaves at sea. For a comprehensive
treatment of black sailors in the Americas, including several
references to Curaçao, see W. Jeffrey Bolster, Black Jacks: African
American Seamen in the Age of Sail (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1997).
See especially Aizpurua (p. 236 & 281-2) and Carlos González
Batista, Documentos para la historia de las Antillas Neerlandesas
(Coro, Venezuela; Archivo Historico de Coro, 1997).
See Aizpurua, pp. 279-80.
Prunetti Winkel, p. 89.
Hartog (1962), p. 135.
Maritime Museum Curaçao second floor audio presentation, "From Sail
to Steam and From Timber to Steel."
Gomes Casseres (1976), p. 19.
Ibid.
Van Soest (1978), p. 183.
See Römer-Kenepa (1994), p. 33.
Maritime Museurn Curaçao second floor exhibit.
Van Soest (1978), p. 183.
Hartog (1968), p. 272.
Van Soest (1978), p. 238.
De Pool, p. 210.
De Haseth, p. 145.
See Hartog (1968), p. 269.
Hartog (1968), pp. 271-2.
Hartog (1962), p. 146.
De Haseth, p. 158.
Maritime Museum Curaçao exhibit.
Hartog (1868), p. 123. See also an exhibit at the Maritime Museum
Curaçao.
De Pool, pp. 14-15.
Most of the information about the RDN comes from the excellent
exhibit at the Maritime Museum Curaçao.
For a full description of the events, see Hartog (1968), pp. 334-50.
Source: Hartog (1962). |
